Distributed photovoltaic station box variable measurement and control terminal data acquisition remote monitoring technology scheme
As a professional provider of IoT data collection solutions, daq-iot, the data acquisition and IoT editor, will introduce the following content here and sincerely welcome everyone to discuss and communicate.
According to the box-variable measurement and control acquisition scheme shown in the diagram, the data acquisition and monitoring system designed by Digital Mining Internet of Things Technology specifically for photovoltaic power plants is centred on achieving localised acquisition, standardised processing and reliable cloud uploading of inverter data. The following is a detailed description of the programme:
I. System core components and functions
Box variable measurement and control device
Positioning: Local control core and data convergence point.
Function: Collect real-time operation data (e.g. DC voltage/current, AC power, frequency, power generation, alarm status, etc.) of multiple inverters (1-N) through 485 bus polling. Perform measurement and control of the box variable body (such as transformer oil temperature, switch status, protection signal acquisition). Local data processing and logic control (e.g. remote switching, protection value management).
Interface: RS485 interface for connecting to the inverter bus as standard.
Digital mining IOT communication manager
Positioning: data protocol conversion and communication hub.
Core function:
Protocol conversion: Parses and converts the IEC 104 protocol data (standard protocol for power automation) received from the measurement and control device of the box variable into lightweight JSON format.
Cloud communication: Adopt MQTT protocol (the mainstream asynchronous messaging protocol of IoT) to report JSON data packets to the third-party cloud platform via 4G wireless network. Cloud communication
Device management: Support communication configuration, breakpoint transmission and offline caching for the following devices (box transformer measurement and control devices).
Interface: Usually has Ethernet port, 4G module, RS232/485 serial port.
Cloud platform
Positioning: the hub of data storage, analysis and visualisation.
Functions:
Receive MQTT messages and store parsed JSON data.
Provide real-time monitoring, historical curve, report statistics, alarm push, energy efficiency analysis and other functions.
Support third-party systems (such as operation and maintenance platforms, scheduling systems) to dock data via API.
II. Data flow and communication architecture
Data Acquisition Layer
Physical connection: All inverters are connected to the same one or more RS-485 buses by hand-in-hand. RS-485 bus.
Data transmission: Box variable measurement and control device acts as the master station, polls the slave address of each inverter at regular intervals, and reads data according to Modbus-RTU or similar protocols.
Local processing layer
After summing up the data of inverters and the body of box variable, the measurement and control device of box variable organises them into standard power telemetry, telecommunication and remote control signals according to IEC 104 protocol.
The device is interconnected with the communication manager through the network port or serial port to establish 104 protocol communication. (Simulating the communication mode between substation and master station).
Edge computing layer (communication manager)
Parses 104 protocol messages and extracts key data points.
Data structure conversion: Convert industrial hard real-time messages into structured JSON key-value pairs (e.g. {"devId") (e.g. {"devId": "INV01", "timestamp": 1630000000, "pac": 1500.2}).
Encapsulation: Encapsulate the JSON data into MQTT messages and transmit them to the specified Topic via 4G mobile network. transmission to the specified Topic in the cloud platform.
Cloud Application Layer
The MQTT Broker receives the data and distributes it to the data processing module of the cloud platform.
The data is stored for Web interface, mobile APP and analysis engine to call.
Third, the programme key technology highlights
Bridge between industrial and IoT protocols
Use IEC 104 compatible power monitoring system to ensure data authority and interoperability.
Through 104→JSON+MQTT conversion, it adapts to the cloud native architecture and solves the pain point of traditional SCADA protocols that are difficult to connect directly to the cloud.
Wireless deployment and low O&M cost
4G wireless transmission does not require the laying of optical fibres, especially suitable for remote PV stations.
Communication manager achieves protocol encapsulation and link maintenance, reducing the complexity of cloud platform docking.
Structured Data Processing Capability
JSON format naturally supports nested data structure, allowing flexible expansion of inverter models, addition and deletion of monitoring points.
This facilitates big data analysis (e.g. power generation efficiency decay model, string fault location) by the cloud platform.
High Reliability Design
Communication manager supports local data caching, which can temporarily store data during network interruption and resume subsequent transmission.
MQTT protocol has QoS quality of service level (e.g. QoS1 ensures at least one delivery) to avoid data loss.
Fourth, the programme value summary
Dimension value embodiment
Operation and maintenance efficiency to achieve unattended power station, remote monitoring of hundreds of inverter status. Reduce the cost of manual inspection.
Data interoperability connects the power automation system with the IoT cloud platform, providing a data base for intelligent operation and maintenance, power trading, and carbon management.
Rapid deployment of 4G wireless solution significantly reduces construction difficulties, especially for distributed rooftop PV or mountain power plants.
ExtensibilitySupport flexible access to third-party platforms (e.g., government regulatory platforms, group-level monitoring centres) to meet the needs of multi-level regulation.
Decision-making support optimises power generation strategies based on cloud-based data analysis to improve power plant profitability (e.g. intelligent cleaning, capacity ratio tuning).
⚡ Summary: The programme achieves this through a three-layer architecture of "local collection standardization + edge protocol conversion + lightweight cloud communication Through the three-layer architecture of "local collection standardisation + edge protocol conversion + lightweight cloud communication", the solution realises low-cost, high-reliability and easy-to-expand PV plant data in the cloud, which is a typical application of the integration of traditional power monitoring and IoT technology. It is a typical application of the integration of traditional power monitoring and Internet technology, which significantly improves the digital level of power stations.
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